Wednesday, September 20, 2006


Combine the latest Intel processor technology that enables support for new frequencies with twice as much L2 cache with a broad range of ISV-certified professional 2D and 3D graphics solutions. Add the expandability, manageability and reliability of HP workstations. The resulting HP x2100 is a workstation capable of delivering the speed, power and performance required by expert financial, technical and creative professionals.??Now supporting high-performance 15, 000 RPM SCSI hard disk drives, the HP Workstation x2100 features state of the art ultra flow heat management. Additionally, the HP x2100 has an integrated LAN controller, allowing an additional PCI slot for your use.??Configure the system that best meets your workstation needs. The HP Workstation x2100 gives you the power to invent in real time.




Dual 64-bit Processor 7320 Workstation (TS7320-57EP2)
The Terian Server Platform TS7320 is powered by the latest Intel® Xeon® with (EM64T- 64-bit extensions) and extensive storage capacity supporting up to 6x SATA Hot-swap drive for a total storage capacity of 3.0TB . This Entry Level Server TS7320-57EP2 provides workgroups and small businesses a powerful and cost-effective chassis solution. For easy integration and outstanding reliability, the Terian Server TS7320 is specifically designed for simplified support and ease of expansion as your needs grow. The server supports innovative Intel® Management for simplifying administration and maintenance, protecting data integrity, and maximizing availability while minimizing costs.

The rate at which Intel and AMD change the kind of motherboard sockets (used to be slots) that their processors use, is confusing, as well as being infuriating, because it means that even if the form-factor remains the same (ATX or micro-ATX), every time the type of processor housing changes a new motherboard has to be purchased if you want to upgrade from one type of socket to another. You have no choice in the matter because the previous housing is then no longer supported.
The pace of change is now so rapid that it is becoming increasingly necessary to purchase a new motherboard, processor, and even RAM in order to upgrade to a faster processor.
Indeed, even an upgrade from a Pentium 3 to a Pentium 4 processor requires the new processor, a Socket 423 (superseded), or a Socket 478 (superseded), or a Socket LGA775 motherboard, new RAM (either very expensive Rambus RDRAM (for the Socket 423 Pentium 4 processors), or DDR RAM, a new case with a special power supply unit to accommodate the motherboard, and probably a heavier duty heatsink and fan.
Even in this case, this would still be more economical than buying a whole new system, because you can still use your existing monitor, video and sound cards, modem, disk drives, keyboard, and mouse.
Intel moved from housing its processors in Socket 7 (used in 66MHz FSB motherboards) and Super Socket 7 (SS7) sockets (used in 100MHz FSB motherboards) to using a slot (like a PCI/AGP slot) which it called Slot 1.
The Pentium 233MHz MMX processor was Intel's last SS7 processor.
It then proceeded with Slot 1 motherboards to run its Pentium II and III processors, and the cut-down economy versions (with none or less Level 2 cache), called the Celeron.
All of a sudden, the Slot 1 Celeron processors couldn't compete with the SS7 AMD K6-2 and K6-3 processors, and Intel turned the Celeron range back into socketed processors, this time using what it called Socket 370. The processor has 370 pins and the socket has the matching pin grid array to accept them.
Then Intel dropped slot processors altogether in favour of socketed processors.
Some of the Celeron and the last Pentium 3 processors use motherboards that have the Flip Chip - Pin Grid Array or FC - PGA socket. - This is not a new socket, just a new name for Socket 370.
However, Socket 370 is now dead. The new Celeron and Celeron D (dual-core) processors do not use Socket 370 or Socket 478 motherboards, they use the same LGA775 socket as Pentium D (dual-core) and Pentium 4 processors.
Intel Pentium 4 processors use the earlier Socket 423 and Socket 478 or the current Socket LGA775 motherboards.
The image below shows a Socket 478 motherboard that is no longer in production. The processor's socket is surrounded by the fitting to which the heatsink and fan unit is fitted. It is an unusual board because it only has one PCI slot (white, bottom left-hand)

IBM today announced that it is making its first computing system based on the CellBroadband Engine (Cell BE) generally available on a global basis, with early adopters such as University of Manchester, RapidMind, Inc. and Fraunhofer Institute deploying compute-intensive applications on early ship versions.
The IBM BladeCenter QS20 is a Cell BE-based blade system designed for businesses that can benefit from high performance computing power and the unique capabilities of the Cell BE processor to run graphic-intensive applications. The IBM BladeCenter QS20 will expand the use of Cell into industries such as medical imaging, aerospace, defense, digital animation, communications and oil and gas -- with the ability to dramatically transform those industries.

The beginning of seventees was marked by birth of new and unprecedented direction of computer evolution — in 1971 the world first microprocessor was manufactured. Microprocessors, more generally — super large integral circuits, revolutionized computer facilities in a way that they are getting more and more cheap, efficient, and popular.This history of microprocessors of 1970's - 1990's shows their evolution from the first 4-bit Intel 4004 through 8- and 16-bit devices to modern 32-bit processors, that outperform functional abilities of huge machines of the past.
During this time, Intel Corporation governed the microprocessor market. It's processors usually were the most powerful and reliable. Every couple of years there was a breakthrough in their technology, resulting in launch of new microprocessor model, and changing our way of thinking of computerization. Intel's microprocessor family began from 4-bit Intel 4004 (1971), orientated for usage in calculators. Then there were 8-bit Intel 8008 (1972), 8080 (1974), and 8085 (1976), powerful enough for building a small computer. They can handle binary and binary coded decimal 16-bit arithmetic operations and address up to 64 kilobytes of memory using 16-bit data bus. Eventually, 16-bit 8086 microprocessor (1977) was released, with it's 8-bit variant 8088 (1979) and extended versions — 80186 and 80286 (1982), which boast higher performance and additional features. 8086, 80186 and 80286 processors can operate with 32-bit binary and 16-bit binary coded decimal data and address up to 1 megabyte of memory in 64 kilobyte blocks. New generation of microprocessors started with the release of 32-bit Intel 386 (1985) and Intel 486 (1989), which can address up to 4 gigabytes of memory and have multitasking. During 18 years performance of Intel processors had grown from 60 thousand to 41 million operations per second!The Intel 486DX CPU has additional first level cache memory and floating point unit built-in, next generation Intel processors have 64-bit data bus, ability of handling a couple of instructions at once, and a set of additional registers and instructions. Intel Pentium, Pentium MMX, Pentium Pro and Pentium II are such. The last two also include second level cache memory on board.
Besides Intel there were other companies that designed partly Intel-compatible microprocessors. A group of engeneers, who left Intel and started Zilog, released Z80 processor in 1976, which is an analog to Intel 8080, but has additional registers and commands. The majority of programs written for Intel 8080 can be executed on Z80. Such analogical 8-bit microprocessors were also made by other companies: 6800 processor — by Motorola, 6502 processor — by MOS Technology. Later (in 1980) Motorola designed the 68000, which has 16-bit data bus, but can handle 32-bit data and address up to 4 gigabytes of memory. It executes about 800 thousand operations per second. It's successors were 68010, 68020, 68030 microprocessors, which had been main competitors to Intel processors for a long time.
Different type of competition had been maintained by companies, that produced fully Intel-compatible microprocessors. Those were AMD, Cyrix, Harris and lots of others. Most of the companies at first manufactured clones of Intel processors, until the licence for 80386 had been recalled, and they had to design their forthcoming processor generations themselves.